What is the method of asexual reproduction in liverworts?

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The liverworts grow usually in moist, shady habitats such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods. The plant body of a liverwort is thalloid, e.g., Marchantia. The thallus is dorsiventral and closely appressed to the substrate. The leafy members have tiny leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stem-like structures . Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli, or by the formation of specialized structures called gemmae (sing. gemma). Gemmae a