Spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by:

Step-by-step solution

Elater: It is an elongated, spirally thickened, water-attracting cell in the capsule of a liverwort, derived from sporogenous tissue and assisting in spore dispersal. Within the spore capsules of many liverwort species there are elaters as well as spores. Elaters do not work in the same way in all species and there are some species where elaters play little or no role in spore release. Related Theory Mosses lack elaters. Within a developing hornwort sporophyte, the developing spores are mixed with sterile cells of