The forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs, and humans share similarities in the pattern of bones but perform different functions. Select the correct combination of terms to explain this evolutionary relationship.

Step-by-step solution

The forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs, and humans have the same basic anatomical structure (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) but perform different functions such as swimming, flying, running, and grasping. Such structures are called homologous structures. Homologous organs arise due to divergent evolution, where the same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs. Confusing homology with convergent evolution or analogy is a common mistake. Answe