Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Flippers of penguins and dolphins are considered homologous structures. Reason (R): They have different anatomical origins but evolved to perform similar functions due to convergent evolution. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Step-by-step solution

The Assertion is false because the flippers of penguins (birds) and dolphins (mammals) are analogous structures, not homologous. They do not share a common ancestor with these specific flipper structures. The Reason is true. Analogous structures arise when organisms with different anatomical origins adapt to similar habitats or lifestyles, evolving structures that perform similar functions (like swimming in this case). This evolutionary process is known as convergent evolution. Therefore, Assertion is false but Rea