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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electric Current in Conductors

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Electric Current in Conductors

The switch S illustrated in the figure is kept closed for a long...

The switch SS illustrated in the figure is kept closed for a long duration and is subsequently opened at t=0t = 0. Determine the current in the middle 10 Ω10\ \Omega resistor at t=1.0 mst = 1.0\ \text{ms}.
The switch S illustrated in the figure is kept closed for a long duration and is subsequently opened at t = 0 .

Options

  1. A0.022 A0.022\ \text{A}
  2. B0.081 A0.081\ \text{A}
  3. C0.011 A0.011\ \text{A}
  4. D0.162 A0.162\ \text{A}

Correct answer

C. 0.011 A0.011\ \text{A}

Step-by-step solution

When the switch SS is closed for a long time, the circuit reaches a steady state. In this state, the capacitor acts as an open circuit and no current flows through its branch.

The steady current II flows through the outer loop containing the 12 V12\ \text{V} battery and the two 10 Ω10\ \Omega resistors in series:
I=1210+10=0.6 AI = \dfrac{12}{10 + 10} = 0.6\ \text{A}

The potential difference across the middle 10 Ω10\ \Omega resistor is:
V0=I×10=0.6×10=6 VV_0 = I \times 10 = 0.6 \times 10 = 6\ \text{V}
Since the capacitor is in parallel with this resistor, the initial voltage across the capacitor is V0=6 VV_0 = 6\ \text{V}.

When the switch SS is opened at t=0t = 0, the battery and the bottom resistor are disconnected. The capacitor now discharges through the middle 10 Ω10\ \Omega resistor.

The time constant τ\tau of this discharging circuit is:
τ=RC=10×25×10−6=250 μs=0.25 ms\tau = RC = 10 \times 25 \times 10^{-6} = 250\ \mu\text{s} = 0.25\ \text{ms}

The current i(t)i(t) in the discharging circuit at time tt is given by:
i(t)=V0Re−t/τi(t) = \dfrac{V_0}{R} e^{-t/\tau}

Substituting t=1.0 mst = 1.0\ \text{ms}:
i(1.0 ms)=610e−1.0/0.25=0.6e−4i(1.0\ \text{ms}) = \dfrac{6}{10} e^{-1.0/0.25} = 0.6 e^{-4}

Using the value e−4≈0.0183e^{-4} \approx 0.0183:
i(1.0 ms)≈0.6×0.0183=0.01098 A≈0.011 Ai(1.0\ \text{ms}) \approx 0.6 \times 0.0183 = 0.01098\ \text{A} \approx 0.011\ \text{A}
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