Moseley's law describing characteristic X-rays is expressed as = a(Z - b) . In this formula,

Step-by-step solution

Moseley's law is given by = a(Z - b) , where is the frequency of the characteristic X-ray and Z is the atomic number of the target material. The constants a and b depend only on the type of the spectral series (such as K -series, L -series, etc.) and the specific transition line within that series (like K_ , K_ ). For example, for the K_ line, the screening constant is b 1 and the proportionality constant is a = 3Rc 4 . These values remain the same for all elements. Thus, both a and b are independent of the target