As an electron impacts the target inside a Coolidge tube, its total kinetic energy

Step-by-step solution

When high-speed electrons strike the target in a Coolidge tube, they interact with the atoms of the target material. An electron may lose its entire kinetic energy in a single collision, resulting in the emission of an X-ray photon of maximum energy. In this case, the total kinetic energy is converted into a photon. Alternatively, the electron may undergo multiple collisions, losing its kinetic energy gradually. This energy increases the thermal agitation of the target atoms, meaning the kinetic energy is converted