Assertion : Vernalization is acceleration of subsquent flowering by...

Term vernalization was first given by T.D. Lysenko (1928). In colder countries, there are cereals of 2 physiological types, i.e., winter cereals and spring cereals. Winter cereals are sown in winter and flower in following summer whereas spring cereals are sown in spring and flower in summer. If winter cereal is sown in spring, it shows vegetative growth but does not flower unless it receives low temperature of winter. But winter cereal can be converted into spring cereal by providing artificial low temperature treatment, (i.e., springification.) Some plants requiring low temperature requirement (vernalization) for flowering are Secale cereale (European rye), Triticum vulgare, Brassica oleracea, Beta vulgaris, Apium and Lolium perenne, etc. Site of vernalization is apical meristem or all the meristematic cells. As a result of vernalization, a flowering hormone called "vernalin" is formed (reported by Melchers), but venalin has never been isolated. Once a plant is vernalized, it can be devernalized by exposing the plant to temperature of (30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}) or above. For establishing vernalization, plant should be kept at (20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}) for $4-5$ days.