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Olympiad workbook
Exam
Olympiad workbook
Subject
IOQM
Chapter
Permutation and Combination

Olympiad workbook · IOQM · Permutation and Combination

Initially, there are 3^ 80 particles at the origin (0,0) . At each...

Initially, there are 3803^{80} particles at the origin (0,0)(0,0). At each step the particles are moved to points above the xx-axis as follows: if there are nn particles at any point ( x,yx, y ), then \left[\frac{n}{3}\right]ofthemaremovedtoof them are moved to(x+1, y+1),\left[\frac{n}{3}\right]aremovedtoare moved to(x, y+1)andtheremainingtoand the remaining to(x-1, y+1).Forexample,afterthefirststep,thereare. For example, after the first step, there are3{ }^{79}particleseachatparticles each at(1,1),(0,1)andand(-1,1).Afterthesecondstep,thereare. After the second step, there are3^{78}particleseachatparticles each at(-2,2)andand(2,2), 2 \times 3^{78}particleseachatparticles each at(-1,2)andand(1,2),and, and3^{79}particleatparticle at(0,2).After80steps,thenumberofparticlesat. After 80 steps, the number of particles at(79,80) is:Initially, there are 3^ 80 particles at the origin (0,0) . At each step the particles are moved to points above the x

Correct answer

80

Step-by-step solution

Initially, there are 3^ 80 particles at the origin (0,0) . At each step the particles are moved to points above the x
At nth n^{\text {th }} step particle at (n−1,n)(n-1, n) is nA3n\frac{n A}{3^n} ∴\therefore At 80th 80^{\text {th }} step particles at (79,80)(79,80) is 80A380=80\frac{80 A}{3^{80}}=80 (where A=380A=380 ) ∴80\therefore 80
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