Read the following statements. Statement I: In a typical test cross, an organism showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with the recessive parent. Statement II: The ratio of organisms showing dominant and recessive traits in F₁ generation of a test cross indicates that the organism with unknown genotype is homozygous dominant. Choose the correct option.

Step-by-step solution

Statement I is true because a test cross is performed to determine the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive parent. Statement II is false because if the F₁ generation of a test cross produces both dominant and recessive phenotypes (typically in a 1:1 ratio), it indicates that the organism with the unknown genotype is heterozygous, not homozygous dominant. If the unknown organism were homozygous dominant, all F₁ offspring would exhibit only the dominant p