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NEET 2026
Exam
NEET
Year
2026
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Chapter

NEET 2026 · Physics · Chapter

An air bubble is released from rest at the bottom of a tall glass...

An air bubble is released from rest at the bottom of a tall glass column filled with a highly viscous liquid. As the
An air bubble is released from rest at the bottom of a tall glass column filled with a highly viscous liquid. As the bubble rises, it experiences a constant buoyant force, its own weight, and a viscous drag force that obeys Stokes' law.

Which of the graphs shown below best represents the variation of the bubble's upward acceleration (aa) as a function of its upward velocity (vv) until it reaches terminal velocity?

Options

  1. AGraph (Q)
  2. BGraph (P)
  3. CGraph (S)
  4. DGraph (R)

Correct answer

B. Graph (P)

Step-by-step solution

Let the mass of the air bubble be mm and its radius be rr.

The forces acting on the bubble as it rises are:
1. Upward buoyant force, FBF_B (given as constant)
2. Downward weight, W=mgW = mg
3. Downward viscous drag force, FvF_v

According to Stokes' law, the viscous drag force is proportional to the velocity vv of the bubble:
Fv=6πηrv=kvF_v = 6\pi\eta r v = kv
where k=6πηrk = 6\pi\eta r is a positive constant.

The net upward force FnetF_{\text{net}} on the bubble is:
Fnet=FB−W−FvF_{\text{net}} = F_B - W - F_v
ma=FB−mg−kvma = F_B - mg - kv

Dividing by mm, we get the upward acceleration aa as a function of upward velocity vv:
a=FB−mgm−(km)va = \dfrac{F_B - mg}{m} - \left(\dfrac{k}{m}\right)v

Let a0=FB−mgma_0 = \dfrac{F_B - mg}{m} and c=kmc = \dfrac{k}{m}. Since FBF_B, mm, gg, and kk are constants, a0a_0 and cc are also positive constants. The equation simplifies to:
a=a0−cva = a_0 - cv

This is the equation of a straight line with a positive y-intercept (a0a_0) and a negative slope (−c-c).

Looking at the given graphs:
- Graph (P) represents a straight line with a negative slope and a positive intercept, which perfectly matches our derived equation.
- The acceleration becomes zero when the bubble reaches its terminal velocity v1=a0cv_1 = \dfrac{a_0}{c}.

Therefore, Graph (P) best represents the variation of the bubble's upward acceleration as a function of its upward velocity.
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