In an electrical circuit, an LED (output Y) is connected in series with a resistor and a voltage source. Two switches A and B, which are connected in parallel to each other, are connected across the LED. The states of the switches are varied over five equal time intervals as follows: Interval 1: A = 0, B = 0 Interval 2: A = 1, B = 0 Interval 3: A = 0, B = 1 Interval 4: A = 1, B = 1 Interval 5: A = 0, B = 0 (Here, 1 r

Step-by-step solution

When switches A and B are connected in parallel to each other, and this combination is connected across the LED, closing either switch A or switch B (or both) will create a short circuit across the LED. Since the resistance of the closed switch is negligible compared to the LED, the current will bypass the LED, and it will not glow (Y = 0). The LED will only glow (Y = 1) when both switches A and B are open, as the current is forced to pass through the LED. This logic corresponds to a NOR gate. Evaluating the output