In which of the following gametophyte is not independent free living?

Step-by-step solution

In plants (gymnosperms like Pinus and angiosperms), gametophytes is dependent and develop into multicellular organisms while still enclosed within the sporangium while in bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), the gametophyte free living (photosynthetic) e.g. Funaria, Marchantia. In ferns, gametophytes are photosynthetic free living organism called a prothallus ( Pteris ).