What is common in all the three, Funaria, Dryopteris and Ginkgo?

In Funaria (bryophyte), Dryopteris (Pteridophyte) and Gingko] (Gymnosperm), female sex organ archegonium is formed. Funaria and Dryopteris lacks vascular bundle and have independent sporophyte, while Gingko have independent gametophyte. Related Theory Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. The male sex organ is called antheridium, which produce biflagellate antherozoids and the female sex organ called archegonium is flask-shaped, produces a single egg. The antherozoids are released into water where they come in contact with archegonium and fuses with the egg to produce the zygote. Zygotes produce a multicellular body called a sporophyte, which is not free-living but attached to the photosynthetic gametophyte and derives nourishment from it.