Given below are two statements: Statements I: Concentrated urine is formed due to counter current mechanism in nephron. Statement II: Counter current mechanism helps to maintain osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitium. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Step-by-step solution

The correct answer is option (3) as mammals have the ability to produce a concentrated urine. The Henle's loop and vasa recta play a significant role in this. The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of Henle's loop as well as flow of blood through the two limbs of vasa recta are in a counter current pattern. The proximity between the Henle's loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter current in them help in maintaining the increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium, i.e., from 300 mOsmol L ⁻¹ in