In a population of a grasshopper species, the chromosome number of...

Grasshoppers exhibit the XX-XO type of sex determination.

In this system, females have a pair of X chromosomes (XX) along with autosomes, while males have only one X chromosome (XO) along with autosomes.

Thus, females have one more chromosome than males.

Given the chromosome numbers $23$ and $24$, the members with $23$ chromosomes are males ($22$ autosomes + $1$ X chromosome) and the members with $24$ chromosomes are females ($22$ autosomes + $2$ X chromosomes).

Therefore, the $23$ and $24$ chromosome-bearing members are males and females, respectively.

Answer: males and females, respectively