Read the following statements carefully: (i) Primary succession is a very slow process taking thousands of years for the climax to be reached. (ii) The energy at a higher trophic level is always more than at a lower level. (iii) Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called fragmentation. (iv) All succession, whether taking place in water or on land, proceeds

Step-by-step solution

Pyramid of energy is always upright and can never be inverted because when energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. Addionally, energy at a lower trophic level is always more than at a higher level. Detritivores (e.g., earthworm) break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called fragmentation. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called catabolism.