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NEET
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Physics
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Center of Mass, Momentum and Collision

NEET · Physics · Center of Mass, Momentum and Collision

A moving object of mass 3 kg and velocity (4 i + 4 j ) m/s breaks...

A moving object of mass 3 kg3\text{ kg} and velocity (4i^+4j^) m/s(4\hat{i} + 4\hat{j})\text{ m/s} breaks into two pieces of masses 1 kg1\text{ kg} and 2 kg2\text{ kg}. If the 1 kg1\text{ kg} piece moves with a velocity of (4i^−2j^) m/s(4\hat{i} - 2\hat{j})\text{ m/s} immediately after the explosion, the kinetic energy released during the explosion is

Options

  1. A75 J75\text{ J}
  2. B27 J27\text{ J}
  3. C48 J48\text{ J}
  4. D12 J12\text{ J}

Correct answer

B. 27 J27\text{ J}

Step-by-step solution

By the principle of conservation of linear momentum:
P⃗initial=P⃗final\vec{P}_{initial} = \vec{P}_{final}
Mv⃗=m1v⃗1+m2v⃗2M\vec{v} = m_1\vec{v}_1 + m_2\vec{v}_2

Substituting the given values:
3(4i^+4j^)=1(4i^−2j^)+2v⃗23(4\hat{i} + 4\hat{j}) = 1(4\hat{i} - 2\hat{j}) + 2\vec{v}_2
12i^+12j^=4i^−2j^+2v⃗212\hat{i} + 12\hat{j} = 4\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + 2\vec{v}_2
2v⃗2=(12−4)i^+(12+2)j^2\vec{v}_2 = (12 - 4)\hat{i} + (12 + 2)\hat{j}
2v⃗2=8i^+14j^2\vec{v}_2 = 8\hat{i} + 14\hat{j}
v⃗2=4i^+7j^ m/s\vec{v}_2 = 4\hat{i} + 7\hat{j}\text{ m/s}

Now, calculate the initial kinetic energy (KiK_i):
Ki=12M∣v⃗∣2=12×3×(42+42)=12×3×32=48 JK_i = \dfrac{1}{2} M |\vec{v}|^2 = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 3 \times (4^2 + 4^2) = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 32 = 48\text{ J}

Calculate the final kinetic energy (KfK_f):
Kf=12m1∣v⃗1∣2+12m2∣v⃗2∣2K_f = \dfrac{1}{2} m_1 |\vec{v}_1|^2 + \dfrac{1}{2} m_2 |\vec{v}_2|^2
Kf=12×1×(42+(−2)2)+12×2×(42+72)K_f = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 1 \times (4^2 + (-2)^2) + \dfrac{1}{2} \times 2 \times (4^2 + 7^2)
Kf=12(16+4)+1(16+49)K_f = \dfrac{1}{2}(16 + 4) + 1(16 + 49)
Kf=10+65=75 JK_f = 10 + 65 = 75\text{ J}

The kinetic energy released in the explosion is the increase in kinetic energy:
ΔK=Kf−Ki=75 J−48 J=27 J\Delta K = K_f - K_i = 75\text{ J} - 48\text{ J} = 27\text{ J}.

Answer: 27 J27\text{ J}
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