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NEET
Exam
NEET
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electromagnetic Waves

NEET · Physics · Electromagnetic Waves

The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave in vacuum is...

The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by:
B⃗=2×10−8sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)j^\vec{B} = 2 \times 10^{-8} \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{j} T

Which of the following represents the corresponding vector equation for the electric field?

Options

  1. A6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)(−k^)6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) (-\hat{k}) V/m
  2. B6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)k^6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{k} V/m
  3. C6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)i^6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{i} V/m
  4. D2×10−8sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)k^2 \times 10^{-8} \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{k} V/m

Correct answer

B. 6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)k^6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{k} V/m

Step-by-step solution

The phase of the wave is (kx+ωt)(kx + \omega t). Since both the xx term and the tt term have the same positive sign, the wave is propagating in the negative xx-direction (−i^-\hat{i}).

The direction of propagation is given by the cross product E⃗×B⃗\vec{E} \times \vec{B}.
We know the magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} oscillates along the +j^+\hat{j} direction.
Let the direction of the electric field be n^\hat{n}.
n^×j^=−i^\hat{n} \times \hat{j} = -\hat{i}
Since k^×j^=−i^\hat{k} \times \hat{j} = -\hat{i}, the electric field must oscillate along the +k^+\hat{k} direction.

The amplitude of the electric field E0E_0 is related to the magnetic field amplitude B0B_0 by:
E0=cB0=(3×108 m/s)×(2×10−8 T)=6 V/mE_0 = c B_0 = (3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}) \times (2 \times 10^{-8} \text{ T}) = 6 \text{ V/m}

Combining the amplitude, phase, and direction, the electric field equation is:
E⃗=6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)k^ V/m\vec{E} = 6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{k} \text{ V/m}

Answer: 6sin⁡(0.5×103x+1.5×1011t)k^6 \sin(0.5 \times 10^3 x + 1.5 \times 10^{11} t) \hat{k} V/m
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