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NEET
Exam
NEET
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electromagnetic Waves

NEET · Physics · Electromagnetic Waves

If the total average energy density of an electromagnetic wave...

If the total average energy density of an electromagnetic wave propagating in vacuum is UU, then the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field is:
(where μ0\mu_0 is the permeability of free space)

Options

  1. Aμ0U\sqrt{\mu_0 U}
  2. B2μ0U\sqrt{2\mu_0 U}
  3. C4μ0U\sqrt{4\mu_0 U}
  4. DU2μ0\dfrac{U}{2\mu_0}

Correct answer

B. 2μ0U\sqrt{2\mu_0 U}

Step-by-step solution

The total average energy density UU of an electromagnetic wave is the sum of the average electric energy density (uEu_E) and the average magnetic energy density (uBu_B).

Since uE=uBu_E = u_B, the total average energy density is U=2uBU = 2u_B.

The average energy density of the magnetic field is given by uB=Brms22μ0u_B = \dfrac{B_{rms}^2}{2\mu_0}.

Since Brms=B02B_{rms} = \dfrac{B_0}{\sqrt{2}}, we have uB=B024μ0u_B = \dfrac{B_0^2}{4\mu_0}.

Therefore, the total average energy density is:
U=2×(B024μ0)=B022μ0U = 2 \times \left(\dfrac{B_0^2}{4\mu_0}\right) = \dfrac{B_0^2}{2\mu_0}

Rearranging for the amplitude of the magnetic field B0B_0 gives:
B02=2μ0U  ⟹  B0=2μ0UB_0^2 = 2\mu_0 U \implies B_0 = \sqrt{2\mu_0 U}.

Answer: 2μ0U\sqrt{2\mu_0 U}
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