A cytologist observes a chromosome under a microscope and notes that its primary constriction is located slightly away from the middle, resulting in one shorter arm and one longer arm. Additionally, this chromosome possesses a non-staining secondary constriction at a constant location. Identify the type of this chromosome and the small fragment-like appearance given by the secondary constriction, respectively.

Step-by-step solution

The primary constriction of a chromosome is the centromere. A chromosome with its centromere located slightly away from the middle, resulting in one shorter arm and one longer arm, is classified as a sub-metacentric chromosome. Some chromosomes have non-staining secondary constrictions at a constant location. This gives the appearance of a small fragment called the satellite. Kinetochores are disc-shaped structures present on the sides of the centromere, not the structures formed by secondary constrictions. Therefo