Two patients, X and Y, both suffer from excessive urination (polyuria) and excessive thirst (polydipsia). A clinical analysis of their urine reveals that Patient X has a significant amount of glucose in their urine, whereas Patient Y produces large volumes of dilute urine with no detectable glucose. Identify the hormones that are most likely deficient in Patient X and Patient Y, respectively.

Step-by-step solution

Patient X exhibits polyuria, polydipsia, and glycosuria (glucose in urine). These are classic symptoms of Diabetes mellitus, which is caused by a deficiency of Insulin. Patient Y exhibits polyuria and polydipsia but lacks glycosuria. This indicates a diminished ability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to water loss and dehydration, a condition known as Diabetes insipidus. This disorder is caused by a deficiency or impaired release of Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which is also known as Vasopressin. Therefor