A specific hormone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na ⁺ and water, while simultaneously promoting the excretion of K ⁺ and phosphate ions. Identify this hormone along with its specific anatomical source.

Step-by-step solution

Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in the human body. It acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na ⁺ and water, and the excretion of K ⁺ and phosphate ions. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary facilitates water reabsorption from the latter parts of the tubule but does not primarily drive Na ⁺ / K ⁺ exchange. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid from the adrenal cortex that produces anti-inflammatory reactions and regulat