During the histological examination of a human ovary, a fully mature Graafian follicle is observed just prior to its rupture. Which of the following correctly identifies the meiotic stage of the gamete present within this follicle and the predominant pituitary hormone responsible for triggering its imminent rupture?

Step-by-step solution

In human oogenesis, the primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division within the tertiary follicle, resulting in the formation of a large secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body. Therefore, the fully mature Graafian follicle contains a secondary oocyte. The rupture of the Graafian follicle to release the secondary oocyte (ovulation) is triggered by a rapid surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland during the mid-cycle. Progesterone is an ovarian hormone that peaks during