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BITSAT 2023Paper 1
Exam
BITSAT
Year
2023
Paper
Paper 1
Subject
Mathematics
Chapter
Mathematical Induction

BITSAT 2023 · Paper 1 · Mathematics · Mathematical Induction

For all n ∈ ℕ , the sum of (n^5)/(5)+(n^3)/(3)+(7 n)/(15) is

For all n∈Nn \in \mathbb{N}, the sum of n55+n33+7n15\frac{n^5}{5}+\frac{n^3}{3}+\frac{7 n}{15} is

Options

  1. Aa negative integer
  2. Ba whole number
  3. Ca real number
  4. Da natural number

Correct answer

D. a natural number

Step-by-step solution

Let the statement P(n)\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{n}) be defined as P(n):n55+n33+7n15P(n): \frac{n^5}{5}+\frac{n^3}{3}+\frac{7 n}{15} is a natural number for all n∈Nn \in \mathbb{N} :
Step I : For n=1,P(1):15+13+715=1∈N\mathrm{n}=1, \mathrm{P}(1): \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{7}{15}=1 \in \mathrm{N}
Hence, it is true for n=1\mathrm{n}=1.
Step II : Let it is true for n=kn=k,
i.e. k55+k33+7k15=λ∈N…\frac{k^5}{5}+\frac{k^3}{3}+\frac{7 k}{15}=\lambda \in \mathbb{N}\ldots (i)
Step III : For n=k+1\mathrm{n}=\mathrm{k}+1,
(k+1)55+(k+1)33+7(k+1)15\frac{(\mathrm{k}+1)^5}{5}+\frac{(\mathrm{k}+1)^3}{3}+\frac{7(\mathrm{k}+1)}{15}
=15(k5+5k4+10k3+10k2+3k+1)+13(k3+3k2+3k+1)+715k+715=\frac{1}{5}\left(k^5+5 k^4+10 k^3+10 k^2+3 k+1\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(k^3+3 k^2+3 k+1\right)+\frac{7}{15} k+\frac{7}{15}
=(k55+k33+715k)+(k4+2k3+3k2+2k)+15+13+715=\left(\frac{k^5}{5}+\frac{k^3}{3}+\frac{7}{15} k\right)+\left(k^4+2 k^3+3 k^2+2 k\right)+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{7}{15}
=λ+k4+2k3+3k2+2k+1=\lambda+\mathrm{k}^4+2 \mathrm{k}^3+3 \mathrm{k}^2+2 \mathrm{k}+1 [using equation (i)]
which is a natural number, since λk∈N\lambda \mathrm{k} \in \mathrm{N}. Therefore, P(k+1)P(k+1) is true, when P(k)P(k) is true. Hence, from the principle of mathematical induction, the statement is true for all natural numbers n\mathrm{n}
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