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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

Consider a small surface area of 1 mm^2 at the top of a mercury...

Consider a small surface area of 1 mm21 \text{ mm}^2 at the top of a mercury drop of radius 4.0 mm4.0 \text{ mm}. Determine the force exerted on this area by the mercury below it. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0×105 Pa1.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa} and surface tension of mercury is 0.465 N/m0.465 \text{ N/m}. Neglect the effect of gravity. Assume all numbers to be exact.

Options

  1. A0.10023 N0.10023 \text{ N}
  2. B0.10000 N0.10000 \text{ N}
  3. C0.10046 N0.10046 \text{ N}
  4. D0.09977 N0.09977 \text{ N}

Correct answer

A. 0.10023 N0.10023 \text{ N}

Step-by-step solution

The pressure inside the mercury drop is given by P=P0+2TRP = P_0 + \dfrac{2T}{R}, where P0P_0 is the atmospheric pressure, TT is the surface tension, and RR is the radius of the drop.

Given:
P0=1.0×105 PaP_0 = 1.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa}
T=0.465 N/mT = 0.465 \text{ N/m}
R=4.0 mm=4.0×10−3 mR = 4.0 \text{ mm} = 4.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}

The excess pressure inside the drop is:
ΔP=2TR=2×0.4654.0×10−3=232.5 Pa\Delta P = \dfrac{2T}{R} = \dfrac{2 \times 0.465}{4.0 \times 10^{-3}} = 232.5 \text{ Pa}

The total pressure of the mercury just inside the surface is:
P=P0+ΔP=100000+232.5=100232.5 PaP = P_0 + \Delta P = 100000 + 232.5 = 100232.5 \text{ Pa}

The force exerted by the mercury below the small surface area A=1 mm2=1.0×10−6 m2A = 1 \text{ mm}^2 = 1.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}^2 is due to this internal pressure:
F=P×A=100232.5×1.0×10−6=0.1002325 NF = P \times A = 100232.5 \times 1.0 \times 10^{-6} = 0.1002325 \text{ N}

Rounding to five decimal places, we get F≈0.10023 NF \approx 0.10023 \text{ N}.
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