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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

A capillary tube of radius 1 mm is held vertical with the lower end...

A capillary tube of radius 1 mm1 \text{ mm} is held vertical with the lower end in water. Determine the height of water raised in the capillary. If the length of the capillary tube is half of this calculated height, find the angle θ\theta made by the water surface in the capillary with the wall.

Options

  1. A0.75 cm0.75 \text{ cm} and 30^{}^{{}^{\circ}}
  2. B1.5 cm1.5 \text{ cm} and 60^{}^{{}^{\circ}}
  3. C1.5 cm1.5 \text{ cm} and 30^{}^{{}^{\circ}}
  4. D3.0 cm3.0 \text{ cm} and 60^{}^{{}^{\circ}}

Correct answer

B. 1.5 cm1.5 \text{ cm} and 60^{}^{{}^{\circ}}

Step-by-step solution

The height of water raised in a capillary tube is given by Jurin's law:

h=2Tcos⁡θρgrh = \dfrac{2T \cos \theta}{\rho g r}

For water, assuming standard values T=0.075 N/mT = 0.075 \text{ N/m}, ρ=1000 kg/m3\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3, g=10 m/s2g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2, and angle of contact \theta = 0^{}^{{}^{\circ}}:

h = \dfrac{2 \times 0.075 \times \cos 0^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{1000 \times 10 \times 10^{-3}} = 0.015 \text{ m} = 1.5 \text{ cm}

When the capillary tube is of insufficient length h′h', the water rises to the top and the meniscus adjusts its angle of contact to θ′\theta' such that the radius of curvature RR changes, keeping hRh R constant. Since R=rcos⁡θR = \dfrac{r}{\cos \theta}, we have:

hcos⁡θ=h′cos⁡θ′\dfrac{h}{\cos \theta} = \dfrac{h'}{\cos \theta'}

Given that the new length is half of the calculated height, h′=h2h' = \dfrac{h}{2}:

h1=h/2cos⁡θ′\dfrac{h}{1} = \dfrac{h/2}{\cos \theta'}

cos⁡θ′=12\cos \theta' = \dfrac{1}{2}

\theta' = 60^{}^{{}^{\circ}}
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