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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Sound Waves

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Sound Waves

Two stereo speakers are separated by a distance of 2.40 m . A...

Two stereo speakers are separated by a distance of 2.40 m2.40 \text{ m}. A person stands at a distance of 3.20 m3.20 \text{ m} directly in front of one of the speakers, as shown in the figure. Determine the frequencies in the audible range (2020–2000 Hz2000 \text{ Hz}) for which the listener will hear a minimum sound intensity. The speed of sound in air is 320 m s−1320 \text{ m s}^{-1}.
Two stereo speakers are separated by a distance of 2.40 m . A person stands at a distance of 3.20 m directly in front

Options

  1. A200(2n+1) Hz200(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}, where n=0,1,2,…,49n = 0, 1, 2, \dots, 49
  2. B100(2n+1) Hz100(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}, where n=0,1,2,…,9n = 0, 1, 2, \dots, 9
  3. C200(2n+1) Hz200(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}, where n=0,1,2,3,4n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
  4. D400n Hz400n \text{ Hz}, where n=1,2,3,4,5n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Correct answer

C. 200(2n+1) Hz200(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}, where n=0,1,2,3,4n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Step-by-step solution

Let the two speakers be S1S_1 and S2S_2, and the listener be at point PP.

The distance from the first speaker to the listener is:
L1=3.20 mL_1 = 3.20 \text{ m}

The distance from the second speaker to the listener is:
L2=(2.40)2+(3.20)2=5.76+10.24=16.00=4.00 mL_2 = \sqrt{(2.40)^2 + (3.20)^2} = \sqrt{5.76 + 10.24} = \sqrt{16.00} = 4.00 \text{ m}

The path difference Δx\Delta x between the sound waves reaching the listener is:
Δx=L2−L1=4.00−3.20=0.80 m\Delta x = L_2 - L_1 = 4.00 - 3.20 = 0.80 \text{ m}

For minimum sound intensity (destructive interference), the path difference must be an odd multiple of half the wavelength:
Δx=(2n+1)λ2\Delta x = (2n + 1)\dfrac{\lambda}{2}, where n=0,1,2,…n = 0, 1, 2, \dots

Using the relation v=fλv = f\lambda, we have λ=vf\lambda = \dfrac{v}{f}. Substituting this into the condition for destructive interference:
Δx=(2n+1)v2f\Delta x = (2n + 1)\dfrac{v}{2f}

Solving for the frequency ff:
f=(2n+1)v2Δxf = (2n + 1)\dfrac{v}{2\Delta x}

Given the speed of sound v=320 m s−1v = 320 \text{ m s}^{-1} and Δx=0.80 m\Delta x = 0.80 \text{ m}:
f=(2n+1)3202×0.80=(2n+1)3201.60=200(2n+1) Hzf = (2n + 1)\dfrac{320}{2 \times 0.80} = (2n + 1)\dfrac{320}{1.60} = 200(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}

The listener can hear frequencies in the audible range 20 Hz≤f≤2000 Hz20 \text{ Hz} \le f \le 2000 \text{ Hz}:
20≤200(2n+1)≤200020 \le 200(2n + 1) \le 2000

Dividing by 200200:
0.1≤2n+1≤100.1 \le 2n + 1 \le 10

Subtracting 11:
−0.9≤2n≤9-0.9 \le 2n \le 9

Dividing by 22:
−0.45≤n≤4.5-0.45 \le n \le 4.5

Since nn must be a non-negative integer, the possible values are n=0,1,2,3,4n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Thus, the frequencies for minimum sound intensity are 200(2n+1) Hz200(2n + 1) \text{ Hz}, where n=0,1,2,3,4n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
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