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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Sound Waves

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Sound Waves

In the arrangement depicted in the figure, a wire with a mass of...

In the arrangement depicted in the figure, a wire with a mass of 4.00 g4.00 \text{ g} oscillates in its second harmonic. This sets the air column in the tube into vibrations in its fundamental mode. Provided that the speed of sound in air is 340 m s−1340 \text{ m s}^{-1}, determine the tension in the wire.
In the arrangement depicted in the figure, a wire with a mass of 4.00 g oscillates in its second harmonic. This sets

Options

  1. A11.6 N11.6 \text{ N}
  2. B46.2 N46.2 \text{ N}
  3. C4.62 N4.62 \text{ N}
  4. D104 N104 \text{ N}

Correct answer

A. 11.6 N11.6 \text{ N}

Step-by-step solution

For the air column in the tube, it is closed at one end (water surface) and open at the other. It vibrates in its fundamental mode.
The fundamental frequency of the closed organ pipe is given by:
fa=vs4Laf_a = \dfrac{v_s}{4L_a}
where vs=340 m s−1v_s = 340 \text{ m s}^{-1} is the speed of sound and La=1.0 mL_a = 1.0 \text{ m} is the length of the air column.
fa=3404×1.0=85 Hzf_a = \dfrac{340}{4 \times 1.0} = 85 \text{ Hz}

The wire oscillates in its second harmonic and sets the air column into resonance, so the frequency of the wire is equal to the frequency of the air column.
fw=fa=85 Hzf_w = f_a = 85 \text{ Hz}

The frequency of the nn-th harmonic of a stretched string is:
fw=n2LwTμf_w = \dfrac{n}{2L_w} \sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}
For the second harmonic, n=2n = 2. The length of the wire is Lw=40 cm=0.4 mL_w = 40 \text{ cm} = 0.4 \text{ m}.
The linear mass density μ\mu of the wire is:
μ=mLw=4.00×10−3 kg0.4 m=10−2 kg m−1\mu = \dfrac{m}{L_w} = \dfrac{4.00 \times 10^{-3} \text{ kg}}{0.4 \text{ m}} = 10^{-2} \text{ kg m}^{-1}

Substituting the values into the frequency formula:
85=22×0.4T10−285 = \dfrac{2}{2 \times 0.4} \sqrt{\dfrac{T}{10^{-2}}}
85=10.4100T85 = \dfrac{1}{0.4} \sqrt{100 T}
85=2.5×10T85 = 2.5 \times 10 \sqrt{T}
85=25T85 = 25 \sqrt{T}
T=8525=3.4\sqrt{T} = \dfrac{85}{25} = 3.4

Squaring both sides to find the tension TT:
T=(3.4)2=11.56 NT = (3.4)^2 = 11.56 \text{ N}

Rounding to one decimal place, we get T≈11.6 NT \approx 11.6 \text{ N}.
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