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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Magnetic Field due to a Current

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Magnetic Field due to a Current

As illustrated in the figure, two parallel wires separated by a...

As illustrated in the figure, two parallel wires separated by a distance of 4.0 cm4.0 \text{ cm} carry equal currents of 10 A10 \text{ A} in opposite directions. Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field BB at points A1A_1, A2A_2, A3A_3, and A4A_4 respectively.
As illustrated in the figure, two parallel wires separated by a distance of 4.0 cm carry equal currents of 10 A in

Options

  1. A1.33×10−4 T1.33 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.33×10−4 T1.33 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 0 T0 \text{ T}, 1.41×10−4 T1.41 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}
  2. B0.33×10−4 T0.33 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.35×10−4 T1.35 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.0×10−4 T1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 0.5×10−4 T0.5 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}
  3. C1.33×10−4 T1.33 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 5.4×10−4 T5.4 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 4.0×10−4 T4.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.0×10−4 T2.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}
  4. D0.67×10−4 T0.67 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.7×10−4 T2.7 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.0×10−4 T2.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.0×10−4 T1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}

Correct answer

D. 0.67×10−4 T0.67 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.7×10−4 T2.7 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.0×10−4 T2.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.0×10−4 T1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}

Step-by-step solution

The magnetic field due to a long straight wire carrying current II at a distance rr is given by B=μ0I2πrB = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}.

Given I=10 AI = 10 \text{ A}, the constant μ0I2π=4π×10−7×102π=2×10−6 T⋅m\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi} = \dfrac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 10}{2\pi} = 2 \times 10^{-6} \text{ T}\cdot\text{m}.

Let the left wire be W1W_1 (current into the page) and the right wire be W2W_2 (current out of the page). The distance between them is 4 cm4 \text{ cm}.

For point A1A_1:
Distance from W1W_1 is r1=2 cm=0.02 mr_1 = 2 \text{ cm} = 0.02 \text{ m}.
Distance from W2W_2 is r2=2+4=6 cm=0.06 mr_2 = 2 + 4 = 6 \text{ cm} = 0.06 \text{ m}.
Since A1A_1 is outside the wires and the currents are in opposite directions, the magnetic fields oppose each other.
BA1=B1−B2=2×10−60.02−2×10−60.06=10−4−13×10−4=23×10−4≈0.67×10−4 TB_{A_1} = B_1 - B_2 = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.02} - \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.06} = 10^{-4} - \dfrac{1}{3} \times 10^{-4} = \dfrac{2}{3} \times 10^{-4} \approx 0.67 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}.

For point A2A_2:
Distance from W1W_1 is r1=1 cm=0.01 mr_1 = 1 \text{ cm} = 0.01 \text{ m}.
Distance from W2W_2 is r2=4−1=3 cm=0.03 mr_2 = 4 - 1 = 3 \text{ cm} = 0.03 \text{ m}.
Since A2A_2 is between the wires, the magnetic fields are in the same direction (downwards).
BA2=B1+B2=2×10−60.01+2×10−60.03=2×10−4+23×10−4=83×10−4≈2.67×10−4 TB_{A_2} = B_1 + B_2 = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.01} + \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.03} = 2 \times 10^{-4} + \dfrac{2}{3} \times 10^{-4} = \dfrac{8}{3} \times 10^{-4} \approx 2.67 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}.

For point A3A_3:
Distance from W1W_1 is r1=2 cm=0.02 mr_1 = 2 \text{ cm} = 0.02 \text{ m}.
Distance from W2W_2 is r2=4−2=2 cm=0.02 mr_2 = 4 - 2 = 2 \text{ cm} = 0.02 \text{ m}.
The magnetic fields are in the same direction.
BA3=B1+B2=2×10−60.02+2×10−60.02=10−4+10−4=2.0×10−4 TB_{A_3} = B_1 + B_2 = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.02} + \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.02} = 10^{-4} + 10^{-4} = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}.

For point A4A_4:
Distance from W1W_1 is r1=22+22=22 cm=0.022 mr_1 = \sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} = 2\sqrt{2} \text{ cm} = 0.02\sqrt{2} \text{ m}.
Distance from W2W_2 is r2=22+22=22 cm=0.022 mr_2 = \sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} = 2\sqrt{2} \text{ cm} = 0.02\sqrt{2} \text{ m}.
The magnitudes of the fields are B1=B2=2×10−60.022=10−42 TB_1 = B_2 = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{-6}}{0.02\sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{10^{-4}}{\sqrt{2}} \text{ T}.
The magnetic field vectors B⃗1\vec{B}_1 and B⃗2\vec{B}_2 are perpendicular to their respective position vectors. Since the position vectors are at 90∘90^{{}^{{}^{\circ}}} to each other, B⃗1\vec{B}_1 and B⃗2\vec{B}_2 are also at 90∘90^{{}^{{}^{\circ}}} to each other.
BA4=B12+B22=(10−42)2+(10−42)2=10−82+10−82=1.0×10−4 TB_{A_4} = \sqrt{B_1^2 + B_2^2} = \sqrt{\left(\dfrac{10^{-4}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 + \left(\dfrac{10^{-4}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{10^{-8}}{2} + \dfrac{10^{-8}}{2}} = 1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}.

Answer: 0.67×10−4 T0.67 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.7×10−4 T2.7 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 2.0×10−4 T2.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, 1.0×10−4 T1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}
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