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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Magnetic Field due to a Current

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Magnetic Field due to a Current

A long, straight wire is fixed horizontally, carrying a current of...

A long, straight wire is fixed horizontally, carrying a current of 50.0 A50.0 \text{ A}. A second wire having a linear mass density of 1.0×10−4 kg m−11.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ kg m}^{-1} is placed parallel to and directly above this wire at a separation of 5.0 mm5.0 \text{ mm}. What current must this second wire carry so that the magnetic repulsion balances its weight?

Options

  1. A0.98 A0.98 \text{ A} in the opposite direction
  2. B0.49 A0.49 \text{ A} in the opposite direction
  3. C0.98 A0.98 \text{ A} in the same direction
  4. D0.49 A0.49 \text{ A} in the same direction

Correct answer

B. 0.49 A0.49 \text{ A} in the opposite direction

Step-by-step solution

Let I1I_1 be the current in the fixed wire and I2I_2 be the current in the second wire.

The magnetic force per unit length between two parallel current-carrying wires is given by:

FL=μ0I1I22πd\dfrac{F}{L} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2 \pi d}

For the second wire to remain suspended, the magnetic repulsion per unit length must balance its weight per unit length (λg\lambda g):

μ0I1I22πd=λg\dfrac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2 \pi d} = \lambda g

Substituting the given values (I1=50.0 AI_1 = 50.0 \text{ A}, d=5.0×10−3 md = 5.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}, λ=1.0×10−4 kg m−1\lambda = 1.0 \times 10^{-4} \text{ kg m}^{-1}, g=9.8 m s−2g = 9.8 \text{ m s}^{-2}):

4π×10−7×50.0×I22π×5.0×10−3=1.0×10−4×9.8\dfrac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 50.0 \times I_2}{2 \pi \times 5.0 \times 10^{-3}} = 1.0 \times 10^{-4} \times 9.8

2×10−7×50.0×I25.0×10−3=9.8×10−4\dfrac{2 \times 10^{-7} \times 50.0 \times I_2}{5.0 \times 10^{-3}} = 9.8 \times 10^{-4}

2×10−3×I2=9.8×10−42 \times 10^{-3} \times I_2 = 9.8 \times 10^{-4}

I2=9.8×10−42×10−3=0.49 AI_2 = \dfrac{9.8 \times 10^{-4}}{2 \times 10^{-3}} = 0.49 \text{ A}

For the magnetic force to be repulsive and push the wire upwards, the currents in the two parallel wires must flow in opposite directions.
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