Steel ruptures when a shear of 3.5 10^8 ~N ~m ⁻² is applied. The force needed to punch a 1 ~cm diameter hole in a steel sheet 0.3 ~cm thick is nearly:

Step-by-step solution

Shearing strain is created along the side surface of the punched disk. Note that the forces exerted on the disk are exerted along the circumference of the disk, and the total force exerted on its center only. Let us assume that the shearing stress along the side surface of the disk is uniform, then aligned F >& _ surface dF _ = _ surface _ dA = _ _ surface dA &= _ A = _ 2 ( D 2 ) h &=3.5 10^8 ( 1 2 10⁻² ) 0.3 10⁻² 2 &=3.297 10^4 3.3 10^4 ~N aligned