Which from following dopants is used in germanium to produce p-type semiconductor?

Step-by-step solution

A p-type semiconductor is created by doping a Group 14 element like germanium with a trivalent impurity from Group 13. These impurities possess three valence electrons, forming three covalent bonds with neighboring atoms and leaving one bond position vacant. This vacancy constitutes a positive hole that acts as a mobile charge carrier, resulting in p-type conductivity. Among the options: A) Boron (B) is a Group 13 element and creates holes, yielding a p-type semiconductor. B) Phosphorus (P) is pentavalent (Group 15