The dual of the statement pattern (p q) (q p) is equivalent to

Step-by-step solution

First, convert the given statement pattern into logical connectives , , and . (p q) (q p) (p q) (q p) Applying De Morgan's Law, we get: ( p q) (q p) To find the dual of the statement, replace with and with : Dual ( p q) (q p) Since ( p q) implies (q p) , their conjunction simplifies to: Dual p q Now, evaluating the given options to find the equivalent expression: For the second option: (p q) (q p) ( p q) ( q p) ( p q) (q p) Since (q p) implies ( p q) , their conjunction simplifies to: q p p q This matches the simpl