Which of the following statement pattern is a tautology?

Step-by-step solution

Option a , p → q ∨ q = ∼ p ∨ q ∨ q = ∼ p ∨ q It is not a tautology since if p is true and q is false then ∼ p ∨ q is false. Option b , p → = q ∨ p = ∼ p ∨ q ∨ p = ∼ p ∨ p ∨ q T ∨ q ∵ ∼ p ∨ p ≡ T It is a tautology since if q is true or false then T ∨ q must be true. Similarly, check other options.