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JEE Main
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Physics
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Mathematics in Physics

JEE Main · Physics · Mathematics in Physics

In an experiment to determine the specific resistance of a wire,...

In an experiment to determine the specific resistance of a wire, the formula used is ρ=πr2Rl\rho = \dfrac{\pi r^2 R}{l}. The measured values are radius r=0.20±0.01 cmr = 0.20 \pm 0.01 \text{ cm}, resistance R=60±3 ΩR = 60 \pm 3 \ \Omega, and length l=150±1.5 cml = 150 \pm 1.5 \text{ cm}. The maximum percentage error in the specific resistance ρ\rho is:

Options

  1. A16%16\%
  2. B11%11\%
  3. C14%14\%
  4. D9%9\%

Correct answer

A. 16%16\%

Step-by-step solution

The formula for specific resistance is ρ=πr2Rl\rho = \dfrac{\pi r^2 R}{l}.

First, calculate the percentage errors for each of the measured quantities:
Percentage error in radius rr:
Δrr×100=0.010.20×100=5%\dfrac{\Delta r}{r} \times 100 = \dfrac{0.01}{0.20} \times 100 = 5\%

Percentage error in resistance RR:
ΔRR×100=360×100=5%\dfrac{\Delta R}{R} \times 100 = \dfrac{3}{60} \times 100 = 5\%

Percentage error in length ll:
Δll×100=1.5150×100=1%\dfrac{\Delta l}{l} \times 100 = \dfrac{1.5}{150} \times 100 = 1\%

The maximum percentage error in ρ\rho is given by the sum of the individual percentage errors multiplied by their respective exponents:
Δρρ×100=2(Δrr×100)+(ΔRR×100)+(Δll×100)\dfrac{\Delta \rho}{\rho} \times 100 = 2 \left(\dfrac{\Delta r}{r} \times 100\right) + \left(\dfrac{\Delta R}{R} \times 100\right) + \left(\dfrac{\Delta l}{l} \times 100\right)

Substituting the calculated percentage errors:
Δρρ×100=2(5%)+5%+1%\dfrac{\Delta \rho}{\rho} \times 100 = 2(5\%) + 5\% + 1\%

Δρρ×100=10%+5%+1%=16%\dfrac{\Delta \rho}{\rho} \times 100 = 10\% + 5\% + 1\% = 16\%

Answer: 16%16\%
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