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NEET 2026
Exam
NEET
Year
2026
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Magnetic Effects of Current

NEET 2026 · Physics · Magnetic Effects of Current

A current I_0 flows through a metallic circular loop of radius r as...

A current I0I_0 flows through a metallic circular loop of radius rr as shown in the figure. Resistance of the segment ABC is half that of ADC. Magnitude of magnetic field at the center O of the loop is :
A current I_0 flows through a metallic circular loop of radius r as shown in the figure. Resistance of the segment ABC

Options

  1. Aμ0I02πr\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{2\pi r}
  2. Bμ0I012r\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r}
  3. Cμ0I04r\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{4r}
  4. Dμ0I02r\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{2r}

Correct answer

B. μ0I012r\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r}

Step-by-step solution

From the given figure, the dashed line passing through A, O, and C is straight, indicating that the segments ABC and ADC are semicircles.

Let the resistance of segment ADC be RADC=2RR_{ADC} = 2R. Given that the resistance of segment ABC is half that of ADC, we have RABC=RR_{ABC} = R.

The total current I0I_0 splits at point A into two parallel branches. Let I1I_1 be the current through ABC and I2I_2 be the current through ADC.

Since the branches are in parallel, the potential difference across them is equal:
I1RABC=I2RADCI_1 R_{ABC} = I_2 R_{ADC}
I1(R)=I2(2R)⇒I1=2I2I_1 (R) = I_2 (2R) \Rightarrow I_1 = 2I_2

Applying Kirchhoff's current law at junction A:
I1+I2=I0I_1 + I_2 = I_0
2I2+I2=I0⇒3I2=I0⇒I2=I032I_2 + I_2 = I_0 \Rightarrow 3I_2 = I_0 \Rightarrow I_2 = \dfrac{I_0}{3}
Consequently, I1=2I03I_1 = \dfrac{2I_0}{3}.

The magnetic field at the center of a semicircle carrying current II is given by B=μ0I4rB = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{4r}.

For the left semicircle ABC, the current I1I_1 flows in a counter-clockwise direction. By the right-hand rule, its magnetic field at O is directed out of the plane:
B1=μ0I14r=μ04r(2I03)=μ0I06rB_1 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_1}{4r} = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4r} \left(\dfrac{2I_0}{3}\right) = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{6r}

For the right semicircle ADC, the current I2I_2 flows in a clockwise direction. Its magnetic field at O is directed into the plane:
B2=μ0I24r=μ04r(I03)=μ0I012rB_2 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_2}{4r} = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4r} \left(\dfrac{I_0}{3}\right) = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r}

The straight wire segments carrying current I0I_0 into A and out of C lie on the line passing through O, so they do not contribute to the magnetic field at O.

The net magnetic field at the center O is the difference between B1B_1 and B2B_2 since they are in opposite directions:
Bnet=B1−B2=μ0I06r−μ0I012r=2μ0I0−μ0I012r=μ0I012rB_{net} = B_1 - B_2 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{6r} - \dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r} = \dfrac{2\mu_0 I_0 - \mu_0 I_0}{12r} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r}

Answer: μ0I012r\dfrac{\mu_0 I_0}{12r}
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