Question 1

Choose the correct statements regarding cell organelles and their inclusions. A. The endomembrane system includes Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

Statement A is incorrect because the endomembrane system includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles. Mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system. Statement B is correct because the rough endoplasmic reticulum bears ribosomes on its outer surface. Statement C is correct because both mitochondria and plastids are semi-autonomous organelles that contain their own circular DNA. Statement D is correct because the cytoskeleton is an elaborate network of protein

Question 2

The plastid that stores xanthophyll is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Plastids are classified based on the type of pigments they contain. Amyloplasts are a type of leucoplast that store starch. Aleuroplasts are a type of leucoplast that store proteins. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, which are primarily responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. Chromoplasts contain fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls, and others. These pigments impart yellow, orange, or red colors to various parts of the p

Question 3

Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells ? (a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits (b) They can have plasmids (c) They contain mesosome (d) They have peroxisomes Choose t

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes, which are composed of two subunits: a larger 50S subunit and a smaller 30S subunit. Thus, statement (a) is correct. Many prokaryotes, such as bacteria, contain small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules called plasmids. Thus, statement (b) is correct. Mesosomes are specialized membranous structures formed by the infolding of the plasma membrane into the cell, which are characteristic of prokaryotes. Thus, statement (c) is correct. Peroxisomes are membra

Question 4

Non-membrane bound cell organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are :

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in all living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. Centrosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found only in animal cells, which are eukaryotic. Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. Answer: Ribosomes

Question 5

Match List-I with List-II . List-I List-II A. Cristae I. Flat membrane sacs in stroma of chloroplast B. Cisternae II. Infoldings in mitochondria C. Thylakoids III. Cell membrane D. Phospholipid IV. Di

Accepted Answer

Cristae are the infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cisternae are the flattened, disc-shaped sacs present in the Golgi apparatus. Thylakoids are the flat membranous sacs present in the stroma of the chloroplast. Phospholipids are the major structural components of the cell membrane. Therefore, the correct matching is A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III. Answer: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Question 6

Cell theory was formulated by __________.

Accepted Answer

Matthias Schleiden (1838), a German botanist, and Theodore Schwann (1839), a British zoologist, together formulated the cell theory. Antonie Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a live cell. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus. Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.

Question 7

Mitochondrial inner membrane encloses__________.

Accepted Answer

The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle. The outer and inner membranes divide its lumen into two distinct aqueous compartments. The inner compartment is filled with a dense homogeneous substance called the matrix. Thus, the mitochondrial inner membrane encloses the matrix. Answer: matrix

Question 8

Which one of the following is the site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis ?

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is a dense, non-membrane bound structure located within the nucleus. It is the primary site for the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosomes. Cells that are actively engaged in protein synthesis typically have larger and more numerous nucleoli. Answer: Nucleolus

Question 9

Select the correct statements regarding cell membrane in eukaryotic cell. A. Membrane of human RBCs has approximately 52\% protein. B. Major phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer. C. Extensions of t

Accepted Answer

Statement A is correct. Chemical studies on human red blood cells (RBCs) show that the cell membrane consists of approximately 52\% protein and 40\% lipids. Statement B is correct. The cell membrane is mainly composed of lipids, primarily phospholipids, which are arranged in a bilayer. Statement C is incorrect. Mesosomes are formed by the extensions of the plasma membrane into the cell in prokaryotes, not in eukaryotic cells. Statement D is correct. The lipids are arranged within the membrane wi

Question 10

Endomembrane system includes __________.

Accepted Answer

The endomembrane system is a group of membranous organelles found in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. It includes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes are not considered part of the endomembrane system because their functions are not coordinated with these organelles. Answer: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuole

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum __________.

Accepted Answer

The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into two types based on the presence or absence of ribosomes on its surface: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER). RER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion. SER lacks ribosomes and appears smooth. It is the major site for the synthesis of lipids. In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are also synthesized in the SER. Therefore, the smooth endoplasmic retic

Question 12

From the statements given below choose the correct option : A. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S. B. Each ribosome has two sub-units. C. The two sub-units of 80S ribos

Accepted Answer

The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S type. Each ribosome has two sub-units. The two sub-units of 80S ribosome are 60S and 40S while that of 70S are 50S and 30S .

Question 13

A specialised membranous structure in a prokaryotic cell which helps in cell well wall formation, DNA replication and respiration is

Accepted Answer

Mesosome is membranous extension in bacterial cell that helps in cell wall formation, DNA replication and contains enzymes for respiration.

Question 14

Match List-I with List- II. array |l|l|l|l| & List - I & & List - II \ A . & Centromere & (i) & Mitochondrion \ B. & Cilium & (ii) & Cell division \ C. & Cristae & (iii) & Cell movement \ D. & Cel

Accepted Answer

array |l|l|l|l| Centromere & Helps in cell division \ Cilium & Helps in cell movement \ Cristae & Finger like structures of mitochondria \ Cell membrane & Is a phospholipid bilayer \ array

Question 15

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A), and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made

Accepted Answer

The primary function of Golgi apparatus is to package the materials made by endoplasmic reticulum and deliver it to intracellular targets and outside the cell, this statement is correct and the reason statement is also correct. Golgi apparatus remains in close association with endoplasmic reticulum. Here, assertion and reason statements both are correct but reason is not correctly explaining assertion.

Question 16

Match List-I with List-II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Accepted Answer

- Nucleus as a cell organelle was first described by Robert Brown as early as 1831. - Later the material of the nucleus stained by the basic dyes was given the name chromatin by Flemming. - Ribosomes are the granular structure first observed under the microscope as dense particle by George Palade. - Camillo Golgi first observed densely stained reticular structure near the nucleus. It consist of many disc shaped sac or cisternae. Hence, A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I is correct.

Question 17

Match List-I with List-II: array |l|l|r|l| & List-I & & List-II \ A. & Metacentric chromosome & I. & array l Chromosome has a terminal \ centromere array \ B. & Sub-metacentric chromosome & II. & a

Accepted Answer

array lll Metacentric chromosomes & & array l Middle centromere forming two equal arms of chromosomes array \ Sub-metacentric chromosomes & & array l Centromere is slightly away from the middle of chromosomes resulting into two unequal arms. array \ Acrocentric chromosomes & & array l Centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm. array \ Telocentric chromosomes & & Chromosome has a terminal centromere array Hence the correct answer is option (4).

Question 18

Match List-I with List-II. array |l|l|l|l| & List-I & & List-II \ A. & F1 Particles & I. & Chromosomes \ B. & Histones & II. & Cilia \ C. & Axoneme & III. & Golgi apparatus \ D. & Cisternae & IV.

Accepted Answer

F _1 particles or oxysomes are found on the inner face of the inner membrane of mitochondria. Chromatin fibres condenses to form chromosomes. Chromatin is essentially composed of DNA and basic histone proteins. Core of cilia is known as axoneme. In golgi complex cisternae are sac like structure. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Question 19

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Concentrically arranged cisternae of Golgi complex are arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or maturing and concave trans or forming face. St

Accepted Answer

The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face. A number of proteins synthesised by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum are modified in the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus before they are released from its trans face. Hence the correct answer is option (4).

Question 20

Match List I with List II : Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Accepted Answer

- Axoneme is seen in cilia and flagella - Centriole shows cartwheel appearance - Crista is found in mitochondria - Satellite is present in chromosomes

Cell - The Unit of Life — Previous Year Questions & Solutions