Question 1

Which of the following is used as an effective sedative and painkiller for treating post-surgery patients ?

Accepted Answer

Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller. It is widely used in clinical practice to relieve severe pain, especially in patients who have undergone surgery. Anti-retroviral drugs are used to treat viral infections such as HIV. Interferons are proteins produced by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, and are used in the treatment of certain cancers and viral infections. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Answer: Morphine

Question 2

Colostrum, secreted by mother during initial days of lactation, is abundant in __________.

Accepted Answer

Colostrum is the yellowish fluid secreted by the mother during the initial days of lactation. It contains abundant IgA antibodies to protect the infant from infections. This provides naturally acquired passive immunity to the newborn. Answer: IgA

Question 3

Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs ? (a) Bone marrow (b) Tonsils (c) Spleen (d) Thymus Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Accepted Answer

Primary lymphoid organs are the sites where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. Examples include bone marrow and thymus. Secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells. Examples include spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches of small intestine, and appendix. Therefore, tonsils and spleen are secondary lymphoid organs, while bone marrow and thymus are primary lym

Question 4

The following are the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium . Arrange the stages in the proper order. A. The parasites reproduce asexually in RBCs, bursting the cells. B. The parasites reproduce asexuall

Accepted Answer

The life cycle of Plasmodium in the human body follows a specific sequence: First, an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a human and injects the infective form, known as sporozoites, into the human body (E). These sporozoites travel through the bloodstream and reach the liver (D). Inside the liver cells, the parasites multiply asexually, eventually bursting the liver cells and releasing the newly formed parasites (merozoites) into the blood (B). The released parasites then enter the red bl

Question 5

Match List I with List II : List I (Drug) List II (Effect) A. Nicotine I. Causes sense of euphoria and increased energy B. Morphine II. Stimulates adrenal gland to release catecholamines into blood ci

Accepted Answer

Nicotine stimulates the adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline (catecholamines) into the blood circulation, which raises blood pressure and increases heart rate. Thus, A matches II. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, often used for patients who have undergone surgery. Thus, B matches III. Heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions. Thus, C matches IV. Cocaine has a potent stimulating action on the central nervous system, producing a sense of euphoria

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct about Plasmodium ?

Accepted Answer

In the life cycle of Plasmodium , asexual reproduction takes place in the human host (in liver cells and red blood cells). The sexual stages, known as gametocytes, develop in the red blood cells of the human host. When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, it takes up these gametocytes along with the blood meal. Fertilization and further development of the gametes take place in the gut (stomach) of the mosquito.

Question 7

Which of the following type of immunity is present at the time of birth and is a non-specific type of defence in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth. This is accomplished by providing different types of barriers to the entry of the foreign agents into our body. Acquired immunity is pathogen specific, characterised by memory cells. Immune response mediated by B-lymphocytes is humoral immunity and other immune response mediated by T-lymphocytes is called cell-mediated immunity.

Question 8

Neoplastic characteristics of cells refer to : A. A mass of proliferating cell B. Rapid growth of cells C. Invasion and damage to the surrounding tissue D. Those confined to original location Choose t

Accepted Answer

The correct answer will include : A, B and C only. A neoplasm is a general term for any abnormal growth of tissue. Neoplastic characteristics of cells refer to (1) A mass of proliferating cell. (2) Rapid growth of cells. (3) Invasion and damage to the surrounding tissue. Cancer specifically refers to malignant neoplasms, which are cancerous and invasive. Benign tumours remain confined to their original location. Thus, D is not included in the answer. The malignant tumours, on the other hand are

Question 9

After maturation, in primary lymphoid organs, the lymphocytes migrate for interaction with antigens to secondary lymphoid organ(s) / tissue(s) like A. thymus B. bone marrow C. spleen D. lymph nodes E.

Accepted Answer

The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. After maturation, the lymphocytes migrate into secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches of small intestine and appendix. These secondary lymphoid organ provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen.

Question 10

Which are correct: A. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging detect cancers of internal organs. B. Chemotherapeutics drugs are used to kill non-cancerous cells. C. -interferon activate the

Accepted Answer

Statements A and C are correct while statements B, D and E are incorrect. Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells. In case of leukaemia, blood cell counts are increased. -interferons are biological response modifiers.

Question 11

Identify the statement that is NOT correct.

Accepted Answer

Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as H _2 ~L _2. In an antibody molecule, antigen binding site is located at N-terminal region.

Question 12

Match List I with List II : array |l|l|l|l| & List - I & & List - II \ A. & B-Lymphocytes & I. & Passive immunity \ B. & Interferons & II. & Cell mediated immunity \ C. & T-Lymphocytes & III. & Pro

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is option (3) as - The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies. - Interferons belong to the cytokine barrier of innate immunity, which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. - T-lymphocytes mediate cell mediated immunity. - Colostrum provides natural passive immunity to the infant.

Question 13

Which of the following are Autoimmune disorders? A. Myasthenia gravis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gout D. Muscular dystrophy E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Choose the most appropriate answer fro

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is option (1) as Myasthenia gravis, Rheumatoid arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune disorders. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder which progressively affects the skeletal muscles. Gout is the inflammation of joints due to deposition of uric acid crystals. Option (2), (3) and (4) are not the correct answer because all of them are not autoimmune disorders.

Question 14

Match List I with List II : Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Accepted Answer

Correct answer is option (2) because - Common cold is caused by Rhinoviruses - Haemozoin is released in blood due to ruptured RBCs after Plasmodium infection. - Widal test is used to confirm the typhoid fever. - Allergy is caused due to dust mites.

Question 15

Match List I with List II : Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Accepted Answer

The correct option is (3) as A. Cocaine - Obtained from plant Erythroxylum coca, stimulating action on CNS. B. Heroin - Formed by the acetylation of morphine which is obtained from plant Papaver somniferum. C. Morphine - Obtained from Papaver somniferum, is an effective sedative in surgery. D. Marijuana - Obtained from Cannabis sativa, produces hallucinogenic effect and affects cardiovascular svstem of the body

Question 16

Math List-I with List-II: array |l|l|l|l| & List I & & List II \ A. & Malignant tumors & I. & Destroy tumors \ B. & MALT & II. & AIDS \ C. & NACO & III. & Metastasis \ D & -Interferons & IV. & Lym

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is option (1) as: A. Malignant tumors - Exhibit the property of metastasis B. MALT - Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue C. NACO - National AIDS Control Organisation D. -Interferons - Biological response modifiers given to cancer patients that activate their immune system and help in destroying the tumor. Thus, correct match is, A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I and therefore the correct answer is option (1). The other options i.e., (2), (3) and (4) are incorrect as they represent mismatch

Question 17

Match List I with List II : array |l|l|l|l| & List I & & List II \ A. & Typhoid & I. & Fungus \ B. & Leishmaniasis & II. & Nematode \ C. & Ringworm & III. & Protozoa \ D. & Filariasis & IV. & Bact

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is option (1) as Typhoid - Caused by Salmonella typhimurium (Bacteria) Leishmaniasis - Caused by protozoan i.e., Leishmania donovani Ringworm - Caused by fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton Filariasis - Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria malayi (Nematode)

Human Health and Diseases — Previous Year Questions & Solutions