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NEET
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Physics
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Center of Mass, Momentum and Collision

NEET · Physics · Center of Mass, Momentum and Collision

A fixed smooth wedge has two faces, each inclined at an angle θ to...

A fixed smooth wedge has two faces, each inclined at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal. Two identical blocks, each of mass mm, are released simultaneously from rest at the top vertex and slide down the opposite faces. What should be the value of θ\theta so that the magnitude of the total linear momentum of the two-block system at any time tt is exactly equal to the momentum a single block of mass mm would acquire if dropped freely for the same time tt?

Options

  1. A30∘30^\circ
  2. B60∘60^\circ
  3. C90∘90^\circ
  4. D45∘45^\circ

Correct answer

D. 45∘45^\circ

Step-by-step solution

Let the speed of each block at time tt be vv. Since they slide down smooth inclines of angle θ\theta, their acceleration is a=gsin⁡θa = g\sin\theta.

The speed at time tt is v=(gsin⁡θ)tv = (g\sin\theta)t.

The velocity vectors of the two blocks are directed downwards along the inclines. Their horizontal components are equal and opposite, thus cancelling each other out. Their vertical components are both directed downwards with magnitude vsin⁡θv\sin\theta.

The magnitude of the total linear momentum of the system is P=2m(vsin⁡θ)=2m(gsin⁡θt)sin⁡θ=2mgtsin⁡2θP = 2m(v\sin\theta) = 2m(g\sin\theta t)\sin\theta = 2mgt\sin^2\theta.

The momentum of a single block of mass mm falling freely for time tt is p=mgtp = mgt.

Equating the two momenta: 2mgtsin⁡2θ=mgt2mgt\sin^2\theta = mgt

sin⁡2θ=12\sin^2\theta = \dfrac{1}{2}

sin⁡θ=12\sin\theta = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}

θ=45∘\theta = 45^\circ.

If one incorrectly assumes the total momentum is simply 2mv2mv without resolving into components, they would get 2mgtsin⁡θ=mgt⇒θ=30∘2mgt\sin\theta = mgt \Rightarrow \theta = 30^\circ.

Answer: 45∘45^\circ
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