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NEET
Exam
NEET
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Mechanical Properties of Fluids

NEET · Physics · Mechanical Properties of Fluids

An incompressible, ideal fluid flows steadily through a horizontal...

An incompressible, ideal fluid flows steadily through a horizontal pipe of varying circular cross-section. A graph is plotted between the kinetic energy per unit volume (KK) of the fluid on the y-axis and the radius (rr) of the pipe on the x-axis. Which of the following best describes the shape of this graph?

Options

  1. AA non-linear curve representing K∝r−4K \propto r^{-4}
  2. BA non-linear curve representing K∝r−2K \propto r^{-2}
  3. CA parabolic curve representing K∝r2K \propto r^2
  4. DA straight line with a negative slope

Correct answer

A. A non-linear curve representing K∝r−4K \propto r^{-4}

Step-by-step solution

For the steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the volume flow rate QQ is constant.

According to the equation of continuity:
Q=Av=πr2vQ = A v = \pi r^2 v
⇒v=Qπr2\Rightarrow v = \dfrac{Q}{\pi r^2}

The kinetic energy per unit volume (KK) is given by:
K=12ρv2K = \dfrac{1}{2}\rho v^2

Substituting the expression for vv:
K=12ρ(Qπr2)2=ρQ22π2r4K = \dfrac{1}{2}\rho \left(\dfrac{Q}{\pi r^2}\right)^2 = \dfrac{\rho Q^2}{2\pi^2 r^4}

Since ρ\rho and QQ are constants for a given steady flow, we get:
K∝1r4K \propto \dfrac{1}{r^4} or K∝r−4K \propto r^{-4}

Thus, the graph between KK and rr will be a non-linear curve representing an inverse fourth-power relationship.

Answer: A non-linear curve representing K∝r−4K \propto r^{-4}
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