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Physics
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Kinetic Theory of Gases

NEET · Physics · Kinetic Theory of Gases

A non-linear polyatomic gas is heated to a temperature such that...

A non-linear polyatomic gas is heated to a temperature such that exactly two of its vibrational modes become active. According to the law of equipartition of energy, the ratio of specific heat capacities γ=CpCv\gamma = \dfrac{C_p}{C_v} for this gas is:

Options

  1. A1.201.20
  2. B1.251.25
  3. C1.331.33
  4. D1.221.22

Correct answer

A. 1.201.20

Step-by-step solution

For a non-linear polyatomic gas, the number of translational degrees of freedom is 3 and the number of rotational degrees of freedom is 3.

According to the law of equipartition of energy, each translational and rotational degree of freedom contributes 12R\dfrac{1}{2}R to the molar heat capacity at constant volume (CvC_v). Each active vibrational mode contributes RR to CvC_v (since it has both kinetic and potential energy components).

Given that there are 2 active vibrational modes:
Cv=32R+32R+2(R)=3R+2R=5RC_v = \dfrac{3}{2}R + \dfrac{3}{2}R + 2(R) = 3R + 2R = 5R

The molar heat capacity at constant pressure (CpC_p) is:
Cp=Cv+R=5R+R=6RC_p = C_v + R = 5R + R = 6R

The ratio of specific heats γ\gamma is:
γ=CpCv=6R5R=1.20\gamma = \dfrac{C_p}{C_v} = \dfrac{6R}{5R} = 1.20

Assuming a vibrational mode contributes only 12R\dfrac{1}{2}R leads to the incorrect value of 1.25, while ignoring vibrational modes entirely gives 1.33.

Answer: 1.201.20
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