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Capacitance

NEET · Physics · Capacitance

A circuit consists of two parallel branches connected across an 18...

A circuit consists of two parallel branches connected across an 18 V18\text{ V} battery. Branch 1 contains two capacitors C1=2 μFC_1 = 2\ \mu\text{F} and C2=4 μFC_2 = 4\ \mu\text{F} in series. Branch 2 contains two capacitors C3=3 μFC_3 = 3\ \mu\text{F} and C4=6 μFC_4 = 6\ \mu\text{F} in series. The ratio of the electrostatic energy stored in capacitor C1C_1 to the electrostatic energy stored in capacitor C4C_4 is:

Options

  1. A1:31 : 3
  2. B4:34 : 3
  3. C2:32 : 3
  4. D3:43 : 4

Correct answer

B. 4:34 : 3

Step-by-step solution

For Branch 1, capacitors C1C_1 and C2C_2 are in series. Their equivalent capacitance is:
Cs1=C1C2C1+C2=2×42+4=86=43 μFC_{s1} = \dfrac{C_1 C_2}{C_1 + C_2} = \dfrac{2 \times 4}{2 + 4} = \dfrac{8}{6} = \dfrac{4}{3}\ \mu\text{F}.

The charge on Branch 1 is:
Q1=Cs1×V=43 μF×18 V=24 μCQ_1 = C_{s1} \times V = \dfrac{4}{3}\ \mu\text{F} \times 18\text{ V} = 24\ \mu\text{C}.
Since C1C_1 and C2C_2 are in series, the charge on C1C_1 is 24 μC24\ \mu\text{C}.
The electrostatic energy stored in C1C_1 is:
U1=Q122C1=(24 μC)22×2 μF=5764 μJ=144 μJU_1 = \dfrac{Q_1^2}{2C_1} = \dfrac{(24\ \mu\text{C})^2}{2 \times 2\ \mu\text{F}} = \dfrac{576}{4}\ \mu\text{J} = 144\ \mu\text{J}.

For Branch 2, capacitors C3C_3 and C4C_4 are in series. Their equivalent capacitance is:
Cs2=C3C4C3+C4=3×63+6=189=2 μFC_{s2} = \dfrac{C_3 C_4}{C_3 + C_4} = \dfrac{3 \times 6}{3 + 6} = \dfrac{18}{9} = 2\ \mu\text{F}.

The charge on Branch 2 is:
Q2=Cs2×V=2 μF×18 V=36 μCQ_2 = C_{s2} \times V = 2\ \mu\text{F} \times 18\text{ V} = 36\ \mu\text{C}.
Since C3C_3 and C4C_4 are in series, the charge on C4C_4 is 36 μC36\ \mu\text{C}.
The electrostatic energy stored in C4C_4 is:
U4=Q222C4=(36 μC)22×6 μF=129612 μJ=108 μJU_4 = \dfrac{Q_2^2}{2C_4} = \dfrac{(36\ \mu\text{C})^2}{2 \times 6\ \mu\text{F}} = \dfrac{1296}{12}\ \mu\text{J} = 108\ \mu\text{J}.

The ratio of the energy stored in C1C_1 to that in C4C_4 is:
U1U4=144108=43\dfrac{U_1}{U_4} = \dfrac{144}{108} = \dfrac{4}{3}.

Answer: 4:34 : 3
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