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NEET
Exam
NEET
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electromagnetic Waves

NEET · Physics · Electromagnetic Waves

The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in a...

The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in a non-magnetic dielectric medium with a refractive index of 33 is given by E⃗=60πsin⁡(kx−ωt)j^\vec{E} = 60\pi \sin(kx - \omega t) \hat{j} V/m. The average intensity of the electromagnetic wave is:

Options

  1. A45π45\pi W/m2^2
  2. B15π15\pi W/m2^2
  3. C90π90\pi W/m2^2
  4. D5π5\pi W/m2^2

Correct answer

A. 45π45\pi W/m2^2

Step-by-step solution

The amplitude of the electric field is E0=60πE_0 = 60\pi V/m.

The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is given by I=12ϵvE02I = \dfrac{1}{2} \epsilon v E_0^2, where ϵ\epsilon is the permittivity of the medium and vv is the speed of the wave.

For a non-magnetic medium, the refractive index is n=ϵrn = \sqrt{\epsilon_r}, so ϵ=n2ϵ0\epsilon = n^2 \epsilon_0. The speed of the wave is v=cnv = \dfrac{c}{n}.

Substituting these into the intensity formula gives:
I=12(n2ϵ0)(cn)E02=12nϵ0cE02I = \dfrac{1}{2} (n^2 \epsilon_0) \left(\dfrac{c}{n}\right) E_0^2 = \dfrac{1}{2} n \epsilon_0 c E_0^2

We know that ϵ0c=1μ0c=1120πΩ−1\epsilon_0 c = \dfrac{1}{\mu_0 c} = \dfrac{1}{120\pi} \Omega^{-1}.

Substituting the values n=3n = 3 and E0=60πE_0 = 60\pi V/m:
I=12×3×1120π×(60π)2I = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 3 \times \dfrac{1}{120\pi} \times (60\pi)^2

I=3240π×3600π2=45πI = \dfrac{3}{240\pi} \times 3600\pi^2 = 45\pi W/m2^2.

Answer: 45π45\pi W/m2^2
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