Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): When unpolarized light of intensity I₀ passes through three polaroids where the first and third are crossed, the maximum possible transmitted intensity is I₀ 4 . Reason (R): The transmitted intensity is maximum when the middle polaroid is placed at an angle of 45^ with respect to the transmission a

Step-by-step solution

When unpolarized light of intensity I₀ passes through the first polaroid, the transmitted intensity is I₁ = I₀ 2 . Let the middle polaroid be at an angle with respect to the first. The third polaroid is crossed with the first, so its angle with the middle polaroid is (90^ - ) . The final transmitted intensity is: I = I₁ ^2 ^2(90^ - ) I = I₀ 2 ^2 ^2 = I₀ 8 ^2(2 ) For maximum intensity, ^2(2 ) = 1 , which gives 2 = 90^ = 45^ . Thus, the Reason is true. Substituting = 45^ , the maximum transmitted intensity is I_ max