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Exam
NEET
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Atomic Physics

NEET · Physics · Atomic Physics

Consider an electron revolving in a circular orbit of a hydrogen...

Consider an electron revolving in a circular orbit of a hydrogen atom with an orbital speed vv. The revolving electron produces a magnetic field BB at the center of the nucleus. If the magnetic field BB is proportional to vxv^x, what is the numerical value of the exponent xx?

Options

  1. A55
  2. B11
  3. C33
  4. D44

Correct answer

A. 55

Step-by-step solution

The electrostatic force provides the necessary centripetal force for the electron:

mv2r=14πϵ0e2r2\dfrac{mv^2}{r} = \dfrac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\dfrac{e^2}{r^2}

Rearranging for rr, we get:

r=14πϵ0e2mv2r = \dfrac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\dfrac{e^2}{mv^2}

This shows that r∝1v2r \propto \dfrac{1}{v^2}.

The revolving electron constitutes an electric current II:

I=eT=ev2πrI = \dfrac{e}{T} = \dfrac{ev}{2\pi r}

The magnetic field BB at the center of the circular orbit is:

B=μ0I2r=μ0ev4πr2B = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2r} = \dfrac{\mu_0 e v}{4\pi r^2}

Thus, B∝vr2B \propto \dfrac{v}{r^2}.

Substituting r∝1v2r \propto \dfrac{1}{v^2} into the expression for BB:

B∝v(1v2)2=v×v4=v5B \propto \dfrac{v}{\left(\dfrac{1}{v^2}\right)^2} = v \times v^4 = v^5

Comparing this with B∝vxB \propto v^x, we get x=5x = 5.

Answer: 55
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