Which of the following statements is (are) incorrect? (i) Percentage ionic character in C s C l bond is ~ 55 % . (Electronegativity values of C s and C l are 0.7 and 3.0 respectively) (ii) From H 2 O to H 3 O + , the geometry around O atom changes drastically. (iii) The most stable oxidation state for element with atomic number 113 is expected to be + 2 . (iv) The 2 n d ionization energy of C a is greater than 1 s t

Step-by-step solution

( a ) Ionic character % i o n i c c h a r a c t e r = 16 ( x A − x B ) + 3.5 ( x A − x B ) 2 where, x A − x B = Difference in electro-negativity of bonded atoms. 16 × ( 3.0 − 0.7 ) + 3.5 × ( 3.0 − 0.7 ) 2 = 55.32 % ( b ) Geometry for both the species is tetrahedral, as in both 'O' is s p 3 hybridised c 113 = R n 5 f 14 6 d 10 7 s 2 7 p 1 = Due to inert pair effect 7 s 2 electron do not take part in bond formation, so, most stable oxidation state is + 1 . ( d ) Successive ionization energies are higher for every ele