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NEETChemistryClassification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

What is the maximum covalency and the total number of valence orbitals, respectively, for a nitrogen atom?

Options

  1. A5 and 4
  2. B3 and 4
  3. C5 and 9
  4. D4 and 4

Correct answer

D. 4 and 4

Step-by-step solution

Nitrogen (atomic number 7 ) belongs to the second period ( n=2 ). Its electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p³ . The valence shell is the second shell, which contains one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals. Thus, the total number of valence orbitals is 4 . Because there are no d -orbitals in the second principal shell, nitrogen cannot expand its octet. Therefore, its maximum covalency is strictly limited to 4 (for example, in the ammonium ion, [NH₄]⁺ ). Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons and a common ground-state valenc

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