During photosynthesis, where do the protons accumulate to form a gradient?

Step-by-step solution

How actually ATP is synthesised in the chloroplast. The chemiosmotic hypothesis has been put forward to explain the mechanism. Like in respiration, in photosynthesis too, ATP synthesis is linked to development of a proton gradient across a membrane. This time these are the membranes of thylakoid. There is one difference though, here the proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane, i.e., in the lumen . In respiration, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria when electrons move