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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision

As illustrated in the figure, a water molecule has a specific...

As illustrated in the figure, a water molecule has a specific structure. Determine the distance of the molecule's centre of mass from the centre of the oxygen atom.
As illustrated in the figure, a water molecule has a specific structure. Determine the distance of the molecule's

Options

  1. A3.3×10−12 m3.3 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}
  2. B8.4×10−12 m8.4 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}
  3. C7.4×10−12 m7.4 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}
  4. D6.6×10−12 m6.6 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}

Correct answer

D. 6.6×10−12 m6.6 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}

Step-by-step solution

Let the oxygen atom be at the origin (0,0)(0,0).

The y-axis is taken along the bisector of the H-O-H angle. The angle of each O-H bond with the y-axis is \theta = \dfrac{104^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{2} = 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}.

The coordinates of the two hydrogen atoms are (d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) and (-d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}), where d=0.96×10−10 md = 0.96 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m}.

Mass of oxygen atom, mO=16 um_O = 16\text{ u}
Mass of hydrogen atom, mH=1 um_H = 1\text{ u}

By symmetry, the x-coordinate of the centre of mass is 00.

The y-coordinate of the centre of mass is:
ycm=mOyO+mHyH1+mHyH2mO+2mHy_{cm} = \dfrac{m_O y_O + m_H y_{H_1} + m_H y_{H_2}}{m_O + 2m_H}

y_{cm} = \dfrac{16(0) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}})}{16 + 1 + 1}

y_{cm} = \dfrac{-2d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{18} = -\dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}

The distance of the centre of mass from the oxygen atom is:
r = |y_{cm}| = \dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}

Substituting the given values (using \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}} \approx 0.6156):
r=0.96×10−10×0.61569r = \dfrac{0.96 \times 10^{-10} \times 0.6156}{9}

r≈0.0656×10−10 m=6.56×10−12 mr \approx 0.0656 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m} = 6.56 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}

Rounding off, we get r≈6.6×10−12 mr \approx 6.6 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}.

Answer: 6.6×10−12 m6.6 \times 10^{-12}\text{ m}
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