Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
- Exam
- Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
- Subject
- Physics
- Chapter
- Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision
As illustrated in the figure, a water molecule has a specific...
As illustrated in the figure, a water molecule has a specific structure. Determine the distance of the molecule's centre of mass from the centre of the oxygen atom.


Options
- A
- B
- C
- D
Correct answer
D.
Step-by-step solution
Let the oxygen atom be at the origin .
The y-axis is taken along the bisector of the H-O-H angle. The angle of each O-H bond with the y-axis is \theta = \dfrac{104^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{2} = 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}.
The coordinates of the two hydrogen atoms are (d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) and (-d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}), where .
Mass of oxygen atom,
Mass of hydrogen atom,
By symmetry, the x-coordinate of the centre of mass is .
The y-coordinate of the centre of mass is:
y_{cm} = \dfrac{16(0) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}})}{16 + 1 + 1}
y_{cm} = \dfrac{-2d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{18} = -\dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}
The distance of the centre of mass from the oxygen atom is:
r = |y_{cm}| = \dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}
Substituting the given values (using \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}} \approx 0.6156):
Rounding off, we get .
Answer:
The y-axis is taken along the bisector of the H-O-H angle. The angle of each O-H bond with the y-axis is \theta = \dfrac{104^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{2} = 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}.
The coordinates of the two hydrogen atoms are (d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) and (-d \sin 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}, -d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}), where .
Mass of oxygen atom,
Mass of hydrogen atom,
By symmetry, the x-coordinate of the centre of mass is .
The y-coordinate of the centre of mass is:
y_{cm} = \dfrac{16(0) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}) + 1(-d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}})}{16 + 1 + 1}
y_{cm} = \dfrac{-2d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{18} = -\dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}
The distance of the centre of mass from the oxygen atom is:
r = |y_{cm}| = \dfrac{d \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}}}{9}
Substituting the given values (using \cos 52^{}^{{}^{\circ}} \approx 0.6156):
Rounding off, we get .
Answer: